策略模式(Strategy)#
1. 术语:#
- 上下文
- 策略
- 具体策略
2. 目的#
分离「策略」并使他们之间能互相快速切换。此外,这种模式是一种不错的继承替代方案(替代使用扩展抽象类的方式)。
3. 例子#
- 对一个对象列表进行排序,一种按照日期,一种按照 id
- 简化版的的单元测试:例如,在使用文件存储和内存存储之间互相切换
4. UML 图#
5. 代码#
你可以在 GitHub 上找到这个代码。
Context.php
<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Strategy;
class Context
{
/**
* @var ComparatorInterface
*/
private $comparator;
public function __construct(ComparatorInterface $comparator)
{
$this->comparator = $comparator;
}
public function executeStrategy(array $elements) : array
{
uasort($elements, [$this->comparator, 'compare']);
return $elements;
}
}
ComparatorInterface.php
<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Strategy;
interface ComparatorInterface
{
/**
* @param mixed $a
* @param mixed $b
*
* @return int
*/
public function compare($a, $b): int;
}
DateComparator.php
<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Strategy;
class DateComparator implements ComparatorInterface
{
/**
* @param mixed $a
* @param mixed $b
*
* @return int
*/
public function compare($a, $b): int
{
$aDate = new \DateTime($a['date']);
$bDate = new \DateTime($b['date']);
return $aDate <=> $bDate;
}
}
IdComparator.php
<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Strategy;
class IdComparator implements ComparatorInterface
{
/**
* @param mixed $a
* @param mixed $b
*
* @return int
*/
public function compare($a, $b): int
{
return $a['id'] <=> $b['id'];
}
}
6. 测试#
Tests/StrategyTest.php
<?php
namespace DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Strategy\Tests;
use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Strategy\Context;
use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Strategy\DateComparator;
use DesignPatterns\Behavioral\Strategy\IdComparator;
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
class StrategyTest extends TestCase
{
public function provideIntegers()
{
return [
[
[['id' => 2], ['id' => 1], ['id' => 3]],
['id' => 1],
],
[
[['id' => 3], ['id' => 2], ['id' => 1]],
['id' => 1],
],
];
}
public function provideDates()
{
return [
[
[['date' => '2014-03-03'], ['date' => '2015-03-02'], ['date' => '2013-03-01']],
['date' => '2013-03-01'],
],
[
[['date' => '2014-02-03'], ['date' => '2013-02-01'], ['date' => '2015-02-02']],
['date' => '2013-02-01'],
],
];
}
/**
* @dataProvider provideIntegers
*
* @param array $collection
* @param array $expected
*/
public function testIdComparator($collection, $expected)
{
$obj = new Context(new IdComparator());
$elements = $obj->executeStrategy($collection);
$firstElement = array_shift($elements);
$this->assertEquals($expected, $firstElement);
}
/**
* @dataProvider provideDates
*
* @param array $collection
* @param array $expected
*/
public function testDateComparator($collection, $expected)
{
$obj = new Context(new DateComparator());
$elements = $obj->executeStrategy($collection);
$firstElement = array_shift($elements);
$this->assertEquals($expected, $firstElement);
}
}
原文:
最后更新: 2018年8月4日 13:15:43